{"id":594,"date":"2015-06-29T13:57:26","date_gmt":"2015-06-29T12:57:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/academy.pittmanseafoods.com\/?p=594"},"modified":"2015-06-29T13:57:26","modified_gmt":"2015-06-29T12:57:26","slug":"comment-lindustrie-du-saumon-chilienne-continue-de-rebondir-suite-a-lais","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/academy.pittmanseafoods.com\/fr\/2015\/06\/comment-lindustrie-du-saumon-chilienne-continue-de-rebondir-suite-a-lais\/","title":{"rendered":"Comment l\u2019industrie du saumon chilienne continue de rebondir suite \u00e0 l\u2019AIS"},"content":{"rendered":"

Le Chili a commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 \u00e9lever du saumon atlantique (Salmo salar<\/em>) vers la fin des ann\u00e9es 70, ce qui en fait une industrie relativement jeune. N\u00e9anmoins, au cours des trois d\u00e9cennies suivantes, le pays d\u2019Am\u00e9rique du Sud a transf\u00e9r\u00e9, adapt\u00e9 et d\u00e9velopp\u00e9 des technologies, produits et march\u00e9s jusqu\u2019\u00e0 devenir le deuxi\u00e8me plus grand producteur de saumon au monde.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Le volume total de saumon produit au Chili ne d\u00e9passa pas les 10 000 tonnes jusqu\u2019en 1991, mais avant 2005, la production annuelle du pays avait grimp\u00e9 en fl\u00e8che pour atteindre les 350 000 tonnes.<\/p>\n

\u00c9PID\u00c9MIE VIRALE<\/strong><\/p>\n

Malheureusement, la croissance et le succ\u00e8s commercial impressionnants de l\u2019\u00e9levage de saumon chilien n\u2019ont pas b\u00e9n\u00e9fici\u00e9 d\u2019un m\u00eame niveau de r\u00e9glementation, de recherche et de contr\u00f4le afin de prot\u00e9ger l\u2019industrie contre les risques biologiques. Et en 2007, l\u2019in\u00e9vitable se produisit lorsque le secteur fut touch\u00e9 par une \u00e9pid\u00e9mie d\u2019an\u00e9mie infectieuse du saumon (AIS).<\/p>\n

Malheureusement pour le Chili, l\u2019impact de cette \u00e9pid\u00e9mie fut amplifi\u00e9 en raison de la propagation rapide du virus, de la forte concentration de fermes d\u2019\u00e9levage de saumons dans certaines zones et de la pr\u00e9sence de normes insuffisantes en mati\u00e8re d\u2019\u00e9levage et de bios\u00e9curit\u00e9.<\/p>\n

\u00c0 noter \u00e9galement qu\u2019avant la crise de l\u2019AIS en 2007\/2008, un certain nombre d\u2019autres maladies infectieuses avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9tect\u00e9es au sein de l\u2019industrie.<\/p>\n

DES PERTES SANS PR\u00c9C\u00c9DENT<\/strong><\/p>\n

En termes de production, d\u2019exportations et de pertes sociales, l\u2019an\u00e9mie infectieuse du saumon est la maladie virale la plus grave touchant le saumon atlantique d\u2019\u00e9levage, entra\u00eenant de lourdes pertes au sein des fermes contamin\u00e9es.<\/p>\n

Les sympt\u00f4mes comprennent une p\u00e2leur des branchies du saumon, un gonflement du foie et de la rate, ainsi qu\u2019une h\u00e9morragie interne. Bien que ce virus puisse \u00eatre mortel pour les poissons, il ne touche pas les \u00eatres humains.<\/p>\n

Cette maladie a \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9couverte pour la premi\u00e8re fois en 1984 au sein d\u2019exploitations piscicoles en Norv\u00e8ge. Depuis, elle a touch\u00e9 un certain nombre de lieux de production cl\u00e9s et, puisqu\u2019elle est capable de se transformer rapidement en \u00e9pid\u00e9mie, le secteur piscicole ne perd jamais une minute pour tenter d\u2019\u00e9radiquer ou de contr\u00f4ler sa pr\u00e9sence, quel que soit l\u2019endroit o\u00f9 le virus s\u00e9vit.<\/p>\n

Outre le fait d\u2019avoir subi des pertes d\u2019environ 2 milliards de dollars, l\u2019industrie chilienne a vu sa production de saumon atlantique chuter de moiti\u00e9 et a d\u00fb licencier des dizaines de milliers d\u2019employ\u00e9s.<\/p>\n

R\u00c9PONSE COLLABORATIVE<\/strong><\/p>\n

Au cours des ann\u00e9es qui ont imm\u00e9diatement suivi l\u2019\u00e9pid\u00e9mie d\u2019AIS, le Chili a entrepris de remettre de l\u2019ordre dans ses affaires en r\u00e9organisant en profondeur son industrie d\u2019\u00e9levage de salmonid\u00e9s. Il est largement reconnu que l\u2019un des \u00e9l\u00e9ments les plus importants ayant particip\u00e9 \u00e0 cette reprise est la collaboration entre le secteur et le gouvernement visant \u00e0 mettre en \u0153uvre une r\u00e9glementation et des r\u00e9gimes de gestion qui ont amend\u00e9 le secteur et permis son r\u00e9tablissement progressif.<\/p>\n

De nouvelles mesures continuent d\u2019\u00eatre introduites et il est g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement admis que le rendement des exploitations a d\u00e9sormais d\u00e9pass\u00e9 les niveaux atteints avant l\u2019AIS, ce qui indique la pr\u00e9sence d\u2019une meilleure gestion de la production. En m\u00eame temps, le volume des captures de saumon a d\u00e9pass\u00e9 le pic pr\u00e9c\u00e9dant l\u2019\u00e9pid\u00e9mie, lequel s\u2019\u00e9levait \u00e0 400 000 tonnes. L\u2019ann\u00e9e derni\u00e8re, le pays a p\u00each\u00e9 plus de 550 000 tonnes de saumon atlantique.<\/p>\n

Cependant, il y a un \u00ab mais \u00bb\u00a0: \u00e0 savoir que les nouvelles m\u00e9thodes d\u2019\u00e9levage ont sensiblement augment\u00e9 les co\u00fbts de production. Si l\u2019on ajoute \u00e0 cela l\u2019offre accrue et les prix r\u00e9duits qui en r\u00e9sultent, on constate qu\u2019un grand nombre d\u2019\u00e9leveurs de saumons ont commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 subir des pertes, un probl\u00e8me que le secteur devra inverser rapidement. N\u00e9anmoins, le saumon chilien est d\u00e9sormais pr\u00e9sent dans plus de 70 march\u00e9s du monde entier et il s\u2019agit du deuxi\u00e8me produit d\u2019exportation le plus important du pays apr\u00e8s le cuivre.<\/p>\n

Pittman Seafoods s\u2019approvisionne en saumon atlantique aussi bien au Chili qu\u2019en Norv\u00e8ge. Il y a deux ans, la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 est devenue copropri\u00e9taire d\u2019Omega-C Foods, qui est bas\u00e9e \u00e0 Puerto Varas (wwww.omegacfoods.com)<\/u>, en faisant \u00e9quipe avec deux partenaires chiliens. En se servant de son immense savoir-faire en mati\u00e8re de saumon, l\u2019entreprise commune d\u00e9tient et g\u00e8re sa propre usine.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Le Chili a commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 \u00e9lever du saumon atlantique (Salmo salar) vers la fin des ann\u00e9es 70, ce qui en fait une industrie relativement jeune. N\u00e9anmoins, au cours des trois d\u00e9cennies suivantes, le pays d\u2019Am\u00e9rique du Sud a transf\u00e9r\u00e9, adapt\u00e9 et d\u00e9velopp\u00e9 des technologies, produits et march\u00e9s jusqu\u2019\u00e0 devenir le deuxi\u00e8me plus grand producteur de […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":588,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[4,280],"tags":[269,233,112],"class_list":["post-594","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-geen-categorie-fr","category-homepage-fr","tag-chili","tag-salmo-salar-fr","tag-saumon"],"yoast_head":"\nComment l\u2019industrie du saumon chilienne continue de rebondir suite \u00e0 l\u2019AIS<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Le Chili a commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 \u00e9lever du saumon atlantique (Salmo salar) vers la fin des ann\u00e9es 70, ce qui en fait une industrie 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